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1.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 27, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094408

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of the use of cryotherapy, cold knife or thermocoagulation compared to Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing treatment with cryotherapy, cold knife, or thermo-coagulation compared with LEEP, to estimate its efficacy and safety. The search was conducted on MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus, until September 2018. RESULTS The total of 72 studies were identified, of which only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The treatment of CIN with cold knife decreases the risk of residual disease compared with LEEP (RR, 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30-0.96, p = 0.04). The management of premalignant lesions with cryotherapy, compared with LEEP, increases the risk of disease recurrence by 86% (RR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.16-2.97, p = 0.01), increases the risk of infections (RR, 1.17, 95%CI, 1.08-1.28, p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of minor bleeding by 51% (RR, 0.49, 95%CI) %, 0.40-0.59, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer with cold knife reduces the risk of residual disease. Nevertheless, cryotherapy reduces the risk of minor bleeding in the 24 hours after treatment and increases the risk of recurrence of disease and infections.


RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de crioterapia, cono frio o termo-coagulación en comparación con el procedimiento de escisión electroquirúrgica en asa (LEEP) para el manejo de neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales. MÉTODOS Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados en mujeres con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en tratamiento con crioterapia, cono frio, o termo coagulación y LEEP, para estimar su eficacia y seguridad. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE/PUBMED, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL) y Scopus, hasta setiembre de 2018. RESULTADOS Se identificaron 72 estudios, ocho cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Cono frio disminuyó el riesgo de enfermedad residual en comparación con LEEP (RR 0,54; IC del 95%, 0,30-0,96, p = 0,04). Crioterapia en comparación con LEEP incrementó el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad en un 86,0% (RR 1,86; IC del 95%, 1,16-2,97, p = 0,01) con un tiempo de seguimiento de seis a 24 meses, y de infecciones (RR, 1,17; IC del 95%, 1,08-1,28, p < 0,001); pero redujo el riesgo de sangrado menor en un 51,0% (RR 0,49; IC del 95%, 0,40-0,59, p ≤ 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Cono frio reduce el riesgo de enfermedad residual. Sin embargo, la crioterapia reduce el riesgo de sangrado menor en las 24 horas posteriores al tratamiento e incrementa el riesgo de recurrencia de enfermedad y de infecciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Cryotherapy/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Conization/methods , Electrocoagulation/methods , Postoperative Complications , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Risk , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(2): 130-138, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959497

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: La persistencia del virus papiloma posterior a la conización del cuello uterino, se ha considerado un factor de riesgo para la persistencia de lesiones intra epiteliales (LIE) causadas por virus papiloma. Para determinar la asociación entre persistencia de lesión cervical y la presencia del virus papiloma posterior a la conización del cuello uterino, se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en un grupo de 123 pacientes portadoras de lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado (LIEAG) tratadas con conización. Material y métodos: Se siguieron a 123 pacientes portadoras de LIEAG, ingresadas a la Unidad de Patología Cervical entre Abril de 2013 y Abril de 2014, las que fueron seguidas por 2 años hasta Abril de 2016. Se realizó genotipificación antes, y entre 4 a 6 meses posterior a la conización. Los datos se tabularon considerando la edad, paridad, tipo de virus, persistencia de LIE, reconización o requerimiento de histerectomía posterior. Resultados: La mediana de la edad fue de 37 años, el 91% fueron multíparas, y solo el 9% fueron nulíparas. El 56% ingresó por NIE III y el 44% por NIE II. Los virus más frecuentes fueron el 16, 31,58, 52 y 56. La persistencia de virus papiloma se constató en el 37% de las pacientes conizadas. La persistencia de LIE se observó en el 27% de las pacientes que fueron positivas para virus papiloma posterior a la conización, en comparación a sólo el 5% en las que fueron negativas. Del total de pacientes positivas para virus papiloma posterior a la conización, 12 de ellas presentaron persistencia de lesión confirmadas histológicamente por biopsia cervical, 8 pacientes requirieron recono por LIE de alto grado, 2 pacientes fueron a histerectomía y en 2 casos se realizó seguimiento estricto por NIE I. Cuando la tipificación post cono fue negativa solamente 3 pacientes requirieron conización y en sólo una se realizó seguimiento estricto por NIE I. Conclusión: La persistencia del virus papiloma posterior a la conización se asocia a mayor persistencia de LIEAG, mayor frecuencia de reconización o histerectomía posterior.


ABSTRACT Backgroud: The persistence of papilloma virus after conization of the cervix has been considered a risk factor for the persistence of cervical intra epithelial lesion (CIN) caused by papilloma virus. Aim: In order to determine the association between cervical lesion persistence and the presence of papilloma virus after conization, a prospective observational study was performed in a group of 123 patients with intraepithelial lesions treated with conization. Material and methods: We followed 123 patients with high grade CIN who were admitted to the Cervical Pathology Unit, between April 2013 and April 2014; they were followed for 2 years until April 2016. Viral genotyping was done before, and among the 4 to 6 months after the LEEP. Data were tabulated considering age, parity, type of virus, persistence of CIN, reconization or requirement of posterior hysterectomy. Results: The median age was 37 years, 91% were multiparous, and only 9% were nulliparous. 56% had NIE III and 44% NIE II. The most frequent viruses were 16, 31, 58, 52 and 56. The persistence of papillomavirus was present in 37% of patients. The persistence of CIN was observed in 27% of patients who were positive for papilloma virus after conization, compared to only 5% in those who were negative. Of the total number of patients positive for papilloma virus, in 12 of them had intra epitelial lesions were confirmed by cervical biopsy, 8 patients required recone for high grade CIN, 2 patients underwent hysterectomy, and 2 patients underwent follows up strictly by CIN I. When post cone typing was negative only 3 patients required conization and only one was followed strictly by CIN I.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Conization , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomaviridae/physiology , Biopsy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Colposcopy , Cytodiagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/genetics , Observational Study
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(5): 539-553, Nov. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899940

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: En la actualidad, existe una alta tasa de sobre-tratamiento de lesiones precursoras cervicales, la cual, en su causalidad, depende de la inexperiencia del operador que toma las decisiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un método estandarizado de ponderación/juicio de variables diagnósticas y tratamiento útiles de ser usadas por especialistas jóvenes a fin de minimizar el riesgo de manejo inadecuado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 471 pacientes referidos por citología anormal y tratados mediante asa de LEEP. Se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad, los valores predictivos y las relaciones de probabilidad para el diagnóstico de NIE2+ para cada uno de los métodos de diagnóstico. A cada residente se le enseñó un protocolo estandarizado de tratamiento mediante asa. Una vez identificados los mejores predictores, se construyó una escala de puntaje que ponderaba las variables y se definió mediante curva ROC el major punto de corte para la predicción de NIE2+. Las diferencias entre los grupos se compararon mediante Chi-cuadrado, ANOVA o t-test. Se construyó curva de fallas mediante el método de 1-Kaplan Meier. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de NIE2+ en esta cohorte fue 66%. La concordancia entre las pruebas diagnósticas fue baja, teniendo la colposcopia el peor valor predictivo positivo y el mayor riesgo de sobre-tratamiento. Para la escala de puntaje se incluyeron la edad, la citología, la colposcopia (estratificación basada en la extensión de compromiso por cuadrantes), la biopsia por mascada y la concordancia entre pruebas diagnósticas. Un puntaje≥ 9 asociado al uso de un protocolo estandarizado, obtuvo tasas de sobre-tratamiento <15%, de recurrencias de NIE2+ <5% a 5 años y una baja tasa de procedimientos sub-óptimos o con complicaciones (<2 %). CONCLUSIONES: El método CONO-UC al combinar un sistema de puntaje integrado (punto de corte) con un protocolo estandarizado de excisión, permite minimizar el riesgo de sobretratamiento o tratamiento inadecuado, por parte de especialistas jóvenes, de lesiones preinvasoras del cuello uterino, reduciendo además el número de procedimientos indicados innecesariamente y manteniendo una alta tasa de éxito terapéutico.


GOALS: Currently, there is a high rate of over-treatment of precursor cervical lesions, which, in their causality, depends on the inexperience of the decision-making operator. The objective of the present study was to develop a standardized method of weighting / judgment of diagnostic variables and treatment useful to be used by young specialists in order to minimize the risk of improper handling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 471 patients referred by abnormal cytology and treated by LEEP. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios for the diagnosis of CIN2+ were calculated for each of the diagnostic methods. Each resident was taught a standardized protocol to carry out a LEEP procedure. Once the best predictors were identified, a scoring scale was constructed that weighted the variables and the best cut-off point for the prediction of CIN2+ was defined by ROC curve. Differences between groups were compared using Chi-square, ANOVA or t-test. Failure curves were built up using the 1-Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN2+ in this cohort was 66%. The agreement between the diagnostic tests was low, with colposcopy having the worst positive predictive value and the highest risk of over-treatment. Age, cytology, colposcopy (stratification based on the extent of compromise by quadrants), punch biopsy, and agreement between diagnostic tests were included for building the scoring scale. A score ≥ 9 in association with the use of a standardized protocol obtained rates of over-treatment <15%, recurrences of CIN2+ <5% at 5-year follow-up and a low rate of suboptimal procedures or complications (<2%). CONCLUSIONS: The UC-CONE method, by combining an integrated scoring system with a standardized excision protocol, minimizes the risk of over-treatment or inadequate treatment of pre-invasive cervical lesions by young specialists, reducing the number of procedures indicated unnecessarily and maintaining a high rate of therapeutic success.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Colposcopy/methods , Electrosurgery/methods , Biopsy , Logistic Models , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Analysis of Variance , Sensitivity and Specificity , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Conization , Decision Making
4.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 43(2): 1-10, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-901296

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la radiocirugía tiene como objetivo proporcionar una herramienta de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivos: describir los resultados de la conización por radiocirugía en pacientes atendidas en la consulta de patología de cuello uterino. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en el Hospital General Docente Mártires del 9 de abril, de Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 256 pacientes atendidas en la consulta de patología de cuello uterino que fueron sometidas a conización por radiocirugía, desde enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2015. Para la recogida de la información se empleó la revisión de documentos mediante la confección de un modelo de recogida de datos. Resultados: el diagnóstico preoperatorio que aportó mayor cantidad de casos fue el NIC III (displasia severa) con 78 casos (30,5 por ciento). Conclusiones: en el presente estudio las lesiones premalignas comenzaron a aparecer con notada incidencia desde los 20 años y hasta los 49, con marcada ocurrencia en el grupo de 30 a 39 años. El aumento en el número de parejas, así como el comienzo temprano de las relaciones sexuales incrementan el riesgo de padecer lesiones intraepiteliales en el cuello del útero. A partir de los cinco años de iniciada las relaciones sexuales, comienzan a aparecer las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales, el diagnóstico preoperatorio que aportó mayor cantidad de casos fue el NIC III (displasia severa). Existió correspondencia en todos los casos en los diagnósticos histológicos por sacabocado y cono(AU)


Introduction: radiosurgery aims to provide a diagnostic and treatment tool. Objectives: describe the results of radiosurgery conization in patients treated at the cervical pathology clinic. Method: adescriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Mártires del 9 de Abril General Teaching Hospital, Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba. The study population consisted of 256 patients treated at the cervical pathology clinic, who were submitted to radiosurgery conization, from January 2013 to December 2015. For the collection of the information, a review of documents was done by making a data collection model. Results: CIN III (severe dysplasia was) the preoperative diagnosis that contributed the most cases ( 78 cases (30.5 percent)). Conclusions: in the present study, premalignant lesions began to appear with a marked incidence from the age of 20 to 49, with a distinct occurrence in the group aged 30 to 39 years. The increase number of couples as well as the early beginning of sexual intercourse increase the risk of intraepithelial lesions in the cervix. After five years of sexual intercourse, cervical intraepithelial lesions began to appear, the preoperative diagnosis with the highest number of cases was CIN III (severe dysplasia). There was correspondence in all cases in the histological diagnoses by punch and cone(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Conization/methods , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix/surgery , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix/pathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analytical Epidemiology
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 43(1): 35-41, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779023

ABSTRACT

Objective: Io evaluate the expression of p16INK4a and p53 biomarkers in conization specimens from patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), correlating them with the ability to predict the recurrence. Methods : we conducted a retrospective study of patients with HG-CIN in cervical biopsy treated with conization between January 1999 and January 2006 who had a minimum follow-up of 18 months. The expression of the p16 and p53 was assessed by tissue microarrays and correlated with disease recurrence. For analysis, we used the test of proportions (chi-square), considering value p<0.05, 95% CI and calculations of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these immunomarkers in predicting recurrence. Results : the series comprised 83 patients aged between 16 and 86 years (35±11.7), divided into two groups: 30 with HG-CIN recurrence (study group) and 53 without recurrence (control group). Mean age, parity, smoking and conization technique were similar in both groups. The p53 expression was present in 43% of the study group and 57% of the control group, and the p16 was present in 43% of the study group and in 57% of the control group (p>0.05). p53 had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 42% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 73%, sensitivity 70%, specificity of 47% and accuracy of 59%. The p16, PPV 42%, NPV 72%, sensitivity 66%, specificity of 49% and accuracy of 56%. Conclusion : immunohistochemistry expression of p53 and p16 showed low sensitivity and low specificity as predictors of HG-CIN recurrence after conization treatment.


Objetivo : avaliar a expressão dos biomarcadores p16INK4a e p53, nas peças de conização de pacientes com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical de alto grau (NIC-AG), correlacionando com a capacidade de predizer o risco de recorrência. Métodos : estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com NIC-AG em biópsia de colo uterino, tratadas por conização, entre janeiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2006 e seguimento mínimo de 18 meses. A expressão dos biomarcadores p16 e p53 foi avaliada através de técnica de microarranjos teciduais e correlacionada com a recorrência da doença. Para análise utilizou-se o teste das proporções (qui-quadrado), considerando valor p<0,05, IC95% e cálculos de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia destes imunomarcadores na predição de recorrência. Resultados : oitenta e três pacientes, idade entre 16 e 86 anos (35±11,7), divididas em dois grupos: 30 com recorrência da NIC-AG (grupo estudo) e 53 sem recorrência (grupo controle). A média de idade, paridade, hábito de fumar e técnica de conização foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. A expressão do p53 esteve presente em 43% do grupo estudo e 57% do grupo controle e para o p16 esteve presente em 43% do grupo estudo e 57% do grupo controle (p>0,05). O p53 apresentou valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 42% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 73%, sensibilidade de 70%, especificidade de 47% e acurácia de 59%. O p16, VPP de 42% e VPN de 72%, sensibilidade de 66%, especificidade de 49% e acurácia de 56%. Conclusão : a expressão imunoistoquiímica do p53 e do p16 apresentaram baixa sensibilidade e baixa especificidade como marcadores capazes de predizer a recorrência da NIC-AG tratada por conização.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/chemistry , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/chemistry , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Immunohistochemistry , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Conization , Middle Aged
6.
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology ; : e2-2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-21464

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted using the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA chip test (HDC), in order to determine whether the HPV genotype is a predictor of residual disease in a subsequent hysterectomy following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3. METHODS: Between January 2002 and February 2015, a total of 189 patients who underwent a hysterectomy within 6 months of LEEP caused by CIN 3 were included in this study. We analyzed their epidemiological data, pathological parameters, high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) load as measured by the hybrid capture II assay, and HR-HPV genotype as measured by the HDC. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between covariates and the probability of residual disease in subsequent hysterectomy specimens. RESULTS: Of the 189 patients, 92 (48.7%) had residual disease in the hysterectomy specimen, CIN 2 in seven patients, CIN 3 in 79 patients, IA1 cancer in five patients, and IA2 cancer in one patient. Using multivariate analysis, the results were as follows: cone margin positivity (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% CI, 1.18 to 5.29; p or =220 relative light unit (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.38 to 6.43; p<0.01), positive endocervical cytology (OR, 8.97; 95% CI, 3.81 to 21.13; p<0.001), and HPV-16 or HPV-18 positivity (OR, 9.07; 95% CI, 3.86 to 21.30; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The HPV-16 or HPV-18 genotype is a reliable predictive factor of residual disease in a subsequent hysterectomy following a LEEP for CIN 3.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Electrosurgery/methods , Genotype , Genotyping Techniques/methods , Human papillomavirus 16/genetics , Human papillomavirus 18/genetics , Hysterectomy , Neoplasm, Residual , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Viral Load
8.
São Paulo med. j ; 131(6): 405-410, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697417

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women have higher incidence, prevalence, persistence and recurrence of pre-invasive cervical lesions (CIN II or III). The aim here was to investigate the risk of recurrence of CIN II/III among HIV-infected women (HIV+) and uninfected women in a cohort treated by means of large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study conducted at Instituto Fernandes Figueira/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF/Fiocruz). METHODS: 60 HIV+ and 209 HIV-negative patients were included in a cohort for follow-up after undergoing LLETZ to treat CIN II/III. A histopathological diagnosis of CIN II/III during the follow-up was taken to constitute recurrence. The following possible confounding variables were assessed: age at treatment and at end of follow-up; histological grade of intraepithelial disease treated; surgical margin involvement; adequacy of colposcopy during the follow-up; CD4+ lymphocyte count; HIV viral load; and type of antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: Among the 60 HIV+ women, six showed recurrent disease during the follow-up. However, among the 209 HIV-negative women, seven showed a new precursor lesion. The relative risk of disease recurrence in the HIV+ women was 4.21 (95% CI = 1.42 to 12.43). The Kaplan-Meyer curve showed that the risk of recurrence was significantly higher among HIV+ women (log-rank test: P = 0.0111). CONCLUSION: The HIV+ women in our cohort presented a risk of CIN II/III recurrence at least 42% higher than among the HIV-negative women. These patients should form part of a rigorous screening and follow-up protocol for identification and appropriate treatment of cervical cancer precursor lesions. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: Mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) apresentam maior incidência, prevalência, persistência e recorrência após tratamentos de lesões pré-invasivas do colo uterino (NIC II ou III). O objetivo foi verificar o risco de recorrência de NIC II/III em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+) e não infectadas (HIV-) em uma coorte tratada pela exérese eletrocirúrgica da zona de transformação do colo uterino (EZT). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de tipo coorte realizado no Instituto Fernandes Figueira/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF/Fiocruz). MÉTODOS: 60 HIV+ e 209 HIV- foram incluídas em uma coorte após terem sido submetidas à EZT para tratamento de NIC II/III. Foi considerado como recorrência o diagnóstico histopatológico de NIC II/III. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis possivelmente confundidoras: idade no tratamento e ao final do seguimento, grau histológico da doença intra-epitelial tratada, comprometimento de margens, adequação da colposcopia no seguimento, contagem de linfócitos CD4+, carga viral de HIV e tipo de terapia antiretroviral. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 60 mulheres HIV+, 6 apresentaram doença recorrente durante o seguimento. De 209 HIV-, 7 apresentaram uma nova lesão precursora. O risco relativo de recorrência de doença nas HIV+ foi de 4,21 (IC 95% 1,42-12,43). Uma curva de Kaplan-Meyer mostra que o risco de recorrência é significativamente maior em mulheres HIV+ (teste de log-rank: P = 0,0111). CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres HIV+ em nossa coorte apresentaram risco de recorrência pelo menos 42% maior do que mulheres HIV-. Essas pacientes devem fazer parte de um protocolo de rastreio e acompanhamento rigoroso para identificação e tratamento adequado das lesões precursoras do câncer ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Electrosurgery/methods , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Colposcopy/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(4): 462-465, Oct.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662472

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the technique of vaginal hysterectomy in non-prolapsed uterus. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 220 patients submitted to vaginal hysterectomy from January 2004 to July 2010 by the Vaginal Surgery and Pelvic Floor Team. Patients mean age was 44.4 years and they had on average three births (0-10 deliveries). The surgery was performed even in cases of previous abdominal surgery, and cesarean section was prevalent in 54.6% of patients. RESULTS: The mean uterus weight was 278.9g. The mean operative time was 93 minutes, and length of hospital stay was 24 hours after surgery in 65% of cases. There were no cases of visceral injury. The mean postoperative complication was cellulitis of the vaginal vault that occurred in 11 cases (5%) that received antibiotics. Mean blood loss corresponded to 1.4g/dL hemoglobin. From the analyzed sample, vaginal hysterectomy by vaginal route was feasible in 96.8% of patients, and abdominal conversion was necessary in 3.2%. CONCLUSION: Vaginal hysterectomy is a minimally invasive surgery, with fewer complications, and low morbidity. We believe that this procedure should be indicated to treat gynecological benign diseases.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica de histerectomia vaginal em úteros sem prolapso. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de 220 pacientes submetidas à histerectomia vaginal no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2010, pela Equipe de Cirurgia Vaginal e do Assoalho Pélvico. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 44,4 anos e tiveram, em média, 3 partos (0-10 partos). A cirurgia foi realizada mesmo em casos de cirurgias abdominais prévias; a cesárea foi prevalente em 54,6% da amostra. RESULTADOS: O peso médio do útero foi de 278,9g. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 93 minutos, e o tempo de internação foi de 24 horas pós-operatórias em 65% dos casos. Não houve nenhum caso de lesão visceral. A complicação pós-operatória mais frequente foi celulite de cúpula, que ocorreu em 11 casos (5%), sendo tratadas com antibioticoterapia. A perda sanguínea foi, em média, de 1,4g/dL de hemoglobina. Foi possível a realização da histerectomia pela via vaginal em 96,8% das pacientes da amostra estudada e em 3,2% foi necessária a conversão para via abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: A histerectomia vaginal é uma cirurgia por orifício natural, minimamente invasiva, com baixas frequência de complicações e morbidade, sendo factível e segura para o tratamento de afecções uterinas benignas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Hysterectomy, Vaginal/trends , Uterine Diseases/surgery , Cesarean Section , Endometrial Hyperplasia/surgery , Length of Stay , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Metrorrhagia/surgery , Parity , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery
10.
São Paulo med. j ; 130(2): 92-96, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625335

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) is a nontraumatic cut and coagulation method with several advantages, but it induces thermal artifacts in the cut region. The aim here was to assess the correlations of age, number of fragments, lesion grade and degree of thermal artifacts with margin quality in conized specimens from LLETZ for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). METHODS: The records and histopathology findings of 118 women who underwent LLETZ between 1999 and 2007 were reviewed. Age, number of fragments, lesion grade, degree of thermal artifacts and margin quality were assessed. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 27.14 years; 63.6% had been diagnosed with CIN II and 36.4% with CIN III. The lesion was removed as a single fragment in 79.6% of the cases. The margins were free from intraepithelial neoplasia in 85.6% and compromised in the endocervical margin in 6.8%. Fragment damage due to artifacts occurred in 2.5%. Severe artifacts occurred in 22.8%. Women aged 30 years or over presented more cases of CIN III (P < 0.0004). Neoplastic compromising of surgical margins and severe artifacts occurred more often in cases in which two or more fragments were removed, and in patients aged 30 years or over. CONCLUSION: CIN III in women aged 30 or over, when removed in two or more fragments during LLETZ, presented a greater number of compromised margins and greater severity of thermal artifacts.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Cirurgia de alta frequência (CAF) é um método não traumático de corte e coagulação com muitas vantagens, porém induz a artefatos térmicos na região do corte. O objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre idade, número de fragmentos, grau da lesão e grau de artefatos térmicos e a qualidade das margens das peças cirúrgicas resultantes da CAF para neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). MÉTODOS: Foram revisados prontuários e laudos histopatológicos de 118 mulheres que foram submetidas a conização por cirurgia de alta frequência no período de 1999 a 2007. Idade, número de fragmentos, grau da lesão, grau de artefatos térmicos e qualidade das margens foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: A idade média das pacientes foi de 27,14 anos; 63,6% tinham diagnóstico de NIC II e 36,4% de NIC III. A lesão foi retirada com um fragmento em 79,6%. As margens estavam livres de neoplasia em 85,6% e comprometidas na margem endocervical em 6,8%. Fragmentos prejudicados por artefatos ocorreram em 2,5%. Artefatos de grau severo ocorreram em 22,8%. Mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 30 anos apresentaram mais casos de NIC III (P < 0,0004). O comprometimento neoplásico de margens cirúrgicas e artefatos de grau severo ocorreram mais vezes nos casos em que foram retirados dois ou mais fragmentos e em pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 30 anos. CONCLUSÃO: NIC III em mulheres com idade superior a 30 anos, quando retiradas em dois ou mais fragmentos na CAF, apresentaram maior número de margens comprometidas e grau severo de artefatos térmicos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Artifacts , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Conization , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Age Factors , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Colposcopy/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrosurgery/adverse effects , Electrosurgery/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
11.
São Paulo med. j ; 130(2): 119-125, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625340

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Even if precursor lesions of cervical cancer are properly treated, there is a risk of persistence or recurrence. The aim here was to quantify the risks of persistence of high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions, one and two years after cervical electrosurgical excisional treatment with positive margins. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis at Instituto Fernandes Figueira. METHODS: This meta-analysis was on studies published between January 1989 and July 2009 that were identified in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs, Adolec, Medcarib, Paho, Wholis, Popline, ISI Web of Science and Sigle. Articles were selected if they were cohort studies on electrosurgical excisional treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with a minimum follow-up of one year, a histopathological outcome of persistence of these lesions and a small risk of bias. RESULTS: The search identified 7,066 articles and another 21 in the reference lists of these papers. After applying the selection and exclusion criteria, only four articles were found to have extractable data. The risk of persistence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions after one year was 11.36 times greater (95% confidence interval, CI: 5.529-23.379, P < 0.0001) in patients with positive margins and after two years, was four times greater (95% CI: 0.996-16.164), although without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the importance of positive margins as an indicator of incomplete treatment after the first year of follow-up and highlights the need for appropriately chosen electrosurgical techniques based on disease location and extent, with close surveillance of these patients.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: As lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino, mesmo se tratadas adequadamente, têm risco de persistirem ou recidivarem. O objetivo foi quantificar o risco de persistência da lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL) em um e dois anos após tratamento excisional eletrocirúrgico do colo uterino com margens comprometidas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise no Instituto Fernandes Figueira. METÓDO: Metanálise de estudos publicados entre janeiro de 1989 e julho de 2009 identificados em Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs, Adolec, Medcarib, Paho, Wholis, Popline, Isis Web of Science e Sigle. Os artigos eram selecionados se fossem estudos tipo coorte sobre tratamento excisional eletrocirúrgico de HSIL com acompanhamento mínimo de um ano e tivessem como desfecho histopatológico a persistência de HSIL com pequeno risco de viés. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 7.066 artigos e mais 21 nas listas de referências desses artigos. Após aplicação de critérios de seleção e de exclusão, somente quatro artigos ofereciam dados passíveis de extração. O risco de persistência da HSIL em um ano foi 11.36 vezes maior nas pacientes com margens comprometidas (intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 5.529-23.379; P < 0,0001) e, em dois anos, chegou a quatro vezes, embora sem significância estatística (IC 95% 0.996-16.164). CONCLUSÃO: Esta metanálise confirma a importância de margem comprometida como indicador de tratamento incompleto no primeiro ano e ressalta a necessidade de uma adequada escolha da técnica eletrocirúrgica em função da localização e extensão da doença e um acompanhamento adequado dessas pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Electrosurgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Epidemiologic Methods , Neoplasm, Residual , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
12.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 33(11): 334-340, nov. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611355

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores determinantes de evolução desfavorável da neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC), tratada por conização. MÉTODOS: Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo com acompanhamento de pacientes, com diagnóstico cito-histológico de NIC, tratadas por conização (técnica clássica e cirurgia de alta frequência), no período de janeiro de 1999 a janeiro de 2006. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Estudo (evolução desfavorável: persistência, recorrência ou progressão da lesão) e Controle (cura clínica, amostra aleatória dentro do grupo conizado), num seguimento mínimo de 18 meses. Foram feitas análises estatísticas uni e bivariada das variáveis, usando-se teste das proporções (teste do c2 ou teste exato de Fischer) e considerando-se valor p£0,05. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e oito pacientes apresentaram recorrência ou progressão da doença (grupo estudo) e 65 apresentaram cura clínica (grupo controle). A idade e a paridade foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, conforme média e desvio padrão calculados. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao hábito de fumar e ao método anticoncepcional utilizado. O percentual de recorrência nessa amostra foi de 14,6 por cento. Somente margens excisionais comprometidas por lesão foram preditoras de recorrência/progressão da doença (p<0,001). A técnica de conização, o cirurgião, o grau da NIC, a presença de extensão glandular e o volume de colo uterino retirados não foram determinantes de evolução desfavorável da doença, após o tratamento cirúrgico, nesta amostra. CONCLUSÃO: A recidiva/persistência ou progressão de NIC2 e 3, pós-tratamento cirúrgico por conização, foi relacionada apenas à margens excisionais comprometidas do produto de conização.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of various factors related to the conization process in cytological/histological cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), after therapeutic conization. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who had undergone conization due to CIN 2 and 3, from January 1999 to January 2006. They were divided into two groups: case group (residual disease or recurrence) and control group (without residual disease or recurrence), during 18 months of follow up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to define the predictive factors of disease recurrence. The c2 test or Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at p£0.05. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients showed recurrence/progression of CIN (case group) and 65 showed no recurrence/progression of disease (control group). Age and parity were similar in the two groups, as determined by calculation of the mean and standard deviation. There was no difference in smoking habits or in the use of contraceptive methods. The recurrence rate was 14.6 percent. Only conization positive margins were predictors of recurrence/progression (p<0.001). The conization techinique, the surgeon, CIN grade, gland involvement, and size of the uterine volume removed were not related to the evolution of disease after surgery. CONCLUSION: The recurrence of CIN 2 and 3 was related to positive margins in the product of conization.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Cervix Uteri/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Conization , Retrospective Studies
13.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 38(4): 274-279, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601070

ABSTRACT

O câncer cervical é a segunda causa mais comum de câncer entre as mulheres no mundo, apesar de apresentar grande potencial de prevenção e cura quando diagnosticado e tratado precocemente, o que pode reduzir a taxa de mortalidade entre as acometidas. Como não há consenso entre as medidas terapêuticas nas lesões intraepiteliais escamosas cervicais de alto grau (HSIL), buscamos discutir a conduta frente às mulheres adultas que apresentam HSIL e o seguimento após o procedimento adotado. Foi realizada pesquisa eletrônica no Medline (através do PubMed), National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Google Acadêmico e Lilacs. Os consensos identificados foram avaliados segundo sua validade e recomendações. Em relação ao acompanhamento após o tratamento, o Europeu acompanha por citologia de 6/6 meses; o Australiano, citologia e colposcopia de 6/6 meses; o Americano preconiza a realização da captura híbrida em seis a 12 meses ou citologia em seis meses. Já o Projeto Diretrizes do Brasil recomenda que reavaliações clínicas e colpocitológicas devam ser realizadas a cada três ou quatro meses nos primeiros dois anos de seguimento. Estudos comparando o método "Ver e Tratar" com os três passos (histologia, colposcopia, biópsia) concluíram que este último é indicado em mulheres LSIL/ASCUS antes de se submeterem à exérese da zona de transformação (EZT), enquanto que o "Ver e Tratar" é indicado em mulheres com HSIL comprovada na citologia e sugestiva na colposcopia, pois apresenta como vantagens, o baixo custo e a resolução imediata. Todos os consensos são unânimes ao afirmar que frente à HSIL comprovada, retira-se a lesão por meio de ablação ou conização ou EZT.


Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, despite having great potential for prevention and cure when early diagnosed and treated, which can reduce the mortality rate among the affected. Since there is no consensus among the therapeutic measures in high grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), we discuss its approach when dealing with adult women who have HGSIL and the follow-up after the adopted procedure. We performed electronic searches of MEDLINE (through PubMed), National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Google Scholar and Lilacs. The guidelines identified were evaluated according to their validity and recommendations. In relation to after-care, the European use cytology every 6 months, the Australians, cytology and colposcopy every 6 months, the Americans advocate the realization of hybrid capture in six to 12 months or cytology every 6 months. The Brazilian Guidelines Project, on its turn, recommends that clinical reassessments and Pap smear should be performed every three or four months during the first two years of follow-up. Studies comparing the method "See and Treat" with the three steps one (histology, colposcopy, biopsy) concluded that the latter is indicated for women ASCUS/LSIL before undergoing the excision of the transformation zone (ETZ), while the "View and Treat" is indicated in women with proven HGSIL in cytology and suggestive in colposcopy, because it presents advantages such as low cost and immediate solution. All the guidelines are unanimous in stating that when facing proven HGSIL, excision of the injury through ablation or conization or ETZ is indicated.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Grading
14.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 37(1): 23-41, ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584676

ABSTRACT

La citología y la colposcopia se han utilizado a través de los años con el objetivo de sospechar las afecciones premalignas y malignas del cérvix uterino que solo la histología confirmará. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la correlación colpohistológica en pacientes portadoras de neoplasia Intraepitelial cervical (NIC) diagnosticadas y tratadas con radiocirugía. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva longitudinal retrospectiva de 2 657 pacientes a las que se les realizó conización cervical en el Hospital Docente Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa, en el periodo comprendido entre enero 1998 y diciembre 2008. Para dar curso al estudio se evaluaron variables como: exámenes colposcópicos previos y resultado histológico del tejido del cérvix uterino obtenido por conización con asa diatérmica. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron medidas de resumen descriptivas: la frecuencia porcentual, la media la desviación estándar y la prueba de Chi cuadrado con nivel de significación de p ú 0,05, como significativo, p ú 0,01 muy significativo y p ú 0,001 altamente significativo, lo que permitió evaluar la confiabilidad y significación de las variables a estudiar. RESULTADOS: La relación colpohistológica fue altamente significativa en las pacientes estudiadas. CONCLUSIÓN: Se comprobó una buena correlación entre la colposcopía y la histología en las pacientes diagnosticada de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical


The cytology and the colposcopy have been used over years looking for premalignant and malignant affections of the cervix uteri only confirmed by histology. OBJECTIVE: to assess the colpohistologic correlation in patients presenting with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosed and treated with radiosurgery. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive research was made in 2 657 patients underwent cervical conization in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Teaching Hospital of Guanabacoa municipality between January, 1998 and December, 2008. The following variables were assessed: prior colposcopy examinations and histological result of cervix uteri tissue obtained by conization with diathermic loop. For statistic analysis the descriptive abstract measures were used: the percentage frequency, the standard deviation mean and the Chi² test with a significance level of p ú 0,05, as significant, p ú 0,01 as very significant and p ú 0,001 highly significant, allowing assessment of the reliability and significance of variable to be studied. RESULTS: The colposcopy and histology relation was very significant in study patients. CONCLUSION: There was verified a good correlation between colposcopy and histology in patients diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Colposcopy , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
15.
Rev. saúde pública ; 43(5): 846-850, out. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529065

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness between the see-and-treat (S&T) approach and the conventional one (with prior biopsy) for squamous intraepithelial lesions of uterine cervix. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 900 nonpregnant women with cytology suggestive of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, between 1998 and 2004. The S&T approach consists of a large loop excision of the transformation zone procedure and is recommended when cytology is suggestive of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, satisfactory colposcopy with abnormalities compatible with the suspected cytological results, and the lesion is limited to the ectocervix or extends up to one centimeter of the endocervical canal. A subgroup of 336 patients whose colposcopy was considered satisfactory was analyzed, and they were divided into two groups for comparison: patients treated without prior biopsy (n = 288) and patients treated after a biopsy showing high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 48). Patients who were not treated or only treated more than a year later after recruitment at the colposcopy unit were considered dropouts. RESULTS: Of patients recruited during the study period, 71 were not treated or were only treated for at least a year. The overall dropout rate was 7.9 percent (95 percent CI: 6.1;9.7). Mean time elapsed between patient recruitment and treatment was 17.5 days in the S&T group and 102.5 days in the prior biopsy group. Dropout rates were 1.4 percent (95 percent CI: 0.04;2.7) and 5. percent (95 percent CI: 0;12.3), respectively (p=0.07). The proportion of overtreated cases (negative histology) in the S&T group was 2.0 percent (95 percent CI: 0.4;3.6). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the mean time elapsed between patient recruitment and treatment indicates that S&T is a time-saving approach The proportion of negative cases from using the S&T approach can be regarded as low.


OBJETIVO: Comparar a efetividade do método "ver-e-tratar" (V&T) com a abordagem tradicional (biópsia prévia) das lesões escamosas intraepiteliais do colo uterino. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, de 1998 a 2004, com 900 pacientes não gestantes que apresentavam citologia sugestiva de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau. O método V&T inclui a excisão ampla da zona de transformaçao que é indicada quando a citologia é sugestiva de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa de alto grau, a colposcopia é satisfatória e compatível com a alteração citológica e a alteração colposcópica deve estar limitada à ectocérvice e ao primeiro centímetro do canal cervical. Foi analisado o subgrupo de 336 pacientes com colposcopias consideradas satisfatórias, compreendendo dois grupos para comparação: pacientes tratadas sem biópsia prévia (n=288) versus pacientes tratadas após a biópsia mostrando lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (n=48). Foram consideradas perdas as pacientes não tratadas ou tratadas apenas um ano ou mais após recrutamento pela clínica de colposcopia, no grupo V&T. RESULTADOS: Das pacientes recrutadas durante o período do estudo, 71 não foram tratadas ou foram tratadas apenas um ano mais tarde, fornecendo uma taxa global de abandonos de 7,9 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 6,1;9,7). O tempo médio entre a captação da paciente e o tratamento foi de 17,5 dias no V&T e 102,5 dias no grupo biópsia prévia. As taxas de perdas foram de 1,4 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 0,04;2,7) no grupo V&T e de 5,9 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 0;12,3) no de biópsia prévia (p=0,07). A proporção de tratamentos desnecessários (histologia negativa) no grupo V&T foi 2,0 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 0,4;3,6). CONCLUSÕES: A diferença de tempo médio entre a captação da paciente e o tratamento indicou que o V&T é um método que poupa tempo. A proporção de casos negativos quando o método V&T foi utilizado pode ser considerada baixa.


OBJETIVO: Comparar la efectividad del método "ver-y-tratar" (V&T) con el abordaje tradicional (biopsia previa) de las lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales del colon uterino. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro, Sureste de Brasil, de 1998 a 2004, con 900 pacientes no gestantes que presentaban citología sugestiva de lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado. El método V&T incluye la excisión amplia de la zona de transformación que es indicada cuanto la citología es sugestiva de lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado, la colposcopia es satisfactoria y compatible con la alteración citológica y la alteración colposcópica debe estar limita a la ectocervix y la primer centímetro del canal cervical. Fue analizado el subgrupo de 336 pacientes con colposcopias consideradas satisfactorias, comprendiendo dos grupos para comparación: pacientes tratadas sin biopsia previa (n=288) versus pacientes tratadas posterior a la biopsia mostrando lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (n=48). Fueron consideradas pérdidas las pacientes no tratadas o tratadas sólo un año o más posterior al reclutamiento por la clínica de colposcopia, en el grupo V&T. RESULTADOS: De las pacientes reclutadas durante el período de estudio, 71 no fueron tratadas o fueron tratadas sólo un año más tarde, suministrando una tasa global de abandonos de 7,9 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 6,1;9,7). El tiempo promedio entre la captación de la paciente y el tratamiento fue de 17,5 días en el V&T y 102,5 días en el grupo biopsia previa. Las tasas de pérdidas fueron de 1,4 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 0,04;2,7) en el grupo V&T y de 5,9 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 0;12,3) en el de biopsia previa (p=0,07). La proporción de tratamientos innecesarios (histología negativa) en el grupo V&T fue 2,0 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento:0,4;3,6). CONCLUSIONES: La diferencia de tiempo promedio entre la captación de la paciente y el tratamiento indicó que el V&T ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Cervix Uteri , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Biopsy , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Cervix Uteri/surgery , Colposcopy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/surgery , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(4): 259-262, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551382

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La conización cervical del cuello uterino es considerada el tratamiento de elección de las neoplasias intraepiteliales de alto grado. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados del tratamiento de esta patología mediante conización Leep. Método: Se revisan los antecedentes y biopsias de 145 pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de neoplasia intraepitelial II y III tratadas con conización cervical por asa Leep en la Unidad de Patología del Tracto Genital Inferior de Clínica Dávila desde el 1 de junio de 2002 al 31 de mayo de 2008. Resultados: Hubo una correlación colpo-biópsica de 80 por ciento (116/145) para Lie de alto grado. Hubo borde positivo en 75 pacientes (51,7 por ciento) y negativo en 70 (48,3 por ciento). Fue necesario un segundo tratamiento en 5 pacientes (3,4 por ciento); en 3 casos por recidivas y en 2 por lesiones invasoras. El 89 por ciento permanece en seguimiento, comprobándose que la totalidad de estas ha tenido un tratamiento considerado satisfactorio. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados confirman que las lesiones cervicales de alto grado deben ser tratadas por métodos escisionales preferentemente, siendo la conización con asa Leep el método de elección por su facilidad de realización, bajo costo de insumos y puede ser realizado sin grandes requerimientos de infraestructura.


Background: The cervical conización of the uterine cervix is considered the treatment of election of high degree intraepithelial neoplasias. Objective: To analyze the results of treatment of this pathology by Leep Conization. Method: The antecedents and biopsies of 145 patients with histological diagnosis of intraepithelial II and III neoplasia, treated with cervix Conization Leep at Lower Genital Tract Unit of Davila Clinic from June first 2002 to May 31 2008 are reviewed. Results: There was a colpo-biopsy correlation of 80 percent (116/145) for high degree CIN. There was positive edge in 75 patients (51.7 percent) and negative in 70 (48.3 percent). A second treatment in 5 patients were necessary (3.4 percent); in 3 cases by recurrences and 2 by invasive lesions. 89 percent remain in control, verifying itself that the totality of these has had a satisfactory considered treatment. Conclusion: Our results confirm that the high degree cervical lesions must preferably be treated by excision methods, being the Leep Conization the method of election by their facility of accomplishment, low cost and can be made without great infrastructure requirements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Conization/methods , Electrosurgery/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Biopsy , Colposcopy , Follow-Up Studies , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(6): 339-344, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561847

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: A diferencia de la conización cervical por cono frío, no se ha podido demostrar una clara asociación entre el procedimiento de escisión electro-quirúrgica por asa térmica (LEEP) y el riesgo de parto prematuro. Objetivo: Análisis crítico de la literatura científica, en relación al riesgo de presentar un parto prematuro en pacientes que han sido sometidas a LEEP, y los resultados materno-perinatales asociados. Búsqueda sistemática en múltiples bases de datos. Resultados: Se encontraron sólo tres artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, los cuales son incluidos en esta revisión. De éstos, el primero muestra que el LEEP no aumenta el riesgo de parto prematuro ni de recién nacidos de bajo peso. El segundo evidencia un aumento del riesgo de rotura prematura de membranas y parto prematuro secundario a esto, pero no de parto prematuro espontáneo. Sin embargo, el tercero, señala que el LEEP se asocia en forma significativa a riesgo aumentado de parto prematuro, parto prematuro secundario a rotura prematura de membranas y recién nacidos de bajo peso. Los tres estudios son de cohortes retrospectivas, lo cual les otorga un nivel de evidencia de tipo 2b. Conclusión: La evidencia indica que la excisión de la zona de transformación a través del uso de LEEP está asociada a un pequeño, pero real incremento del riesgo de presentar un parto de pretérmino.


Background: Unlike cold-knife conization, studies have shown conflicting results on the outcome of pregnancy following loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Objective: Critical analysis of the literature to establish if the LEEP treatments increase risk of preterm delivery and its influence in maternal-perinatal results. Results: Only three studies were filling the inclusion criteria. The first study does not show that LEEP treatment increase risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. The second study shows increased risk of premature rupture of membranes and the subsequent preterm delivery, but not spontaneous preterm delivery. Nevertheless, the third study shows increased risk of premature rupture of membranes and the subsequent preterm delivery, spontaneous preterm delivery and low birth weight. The three studies are based in retrospective cohorts, which grant them a level of evidence of type 2b. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that loop excision of the transformation zone by LEEP is associated with a small but real increase the risk of preterm delivery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Electrosurgery/adverse effects , Electrosurgery/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/surgery , Conization/adverse effects , Pregnancy Outcome , Probability , Risk Assessment , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/etiology
18.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 47(3)sept.-dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-515551

ABSTRACT

La incidencia del cáncer del cuello uterino en Cuba no ha disminuido; en el 2006 se diagnosticaron 1512 casos nuevos y fallecieron 473 mujeres a causa de esa enfermedad. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento han de efectuarse durante la etapa preinvasora. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la conización del cuello uterino como método diagnóstico y terapéutico conservador en pacientes con neoplasia intraepitelial del cuello uterino y conocer los resultados obtenidos con esta modalidad terapéutica. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal con las historias clínicas de pacientes sometidas a biopsia por cono con bisturí frío en el servicio de ginecología del Instituto Nacional de Ontología y Radiobiología entre enero del 2000 y diciembre del 2003. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 3 años, con colpocitología seriada cada 6 meses y con muestra adecuada para el diagnóstico por el método de Papanicolau. Las variables investigadas fueron edad, antecedentes ginecoobstétricos, diagnóstico anatomopatológico y resultado del seguimiento mediante prueba de Papanicolau. En el 28 por ciento de los casos recurrió la enfermedad dentro de los 2 primeros años del seguimiento control y las lesiones fueron de alto grado, según la clasificación de Bethesda. Se concluye que el cono es un método de diagnóstico eficaz, útil y efectivo como tratamiento de la neoplasia intraepiteliar cervical de bajo grado y que su eficacia disminuye en la medida en que aumenta el grado de lesión.


The incidence of cervix cancer in Cuba has not decreased. In 2006, 1512 cases were diagnosed and 473 females died due to this disease. The diagnosis should be made and the treatment should be applied during the preinvasive stage. The present study was aimed at evaluating the cervix conization as a diagnostic and therapeutic conservative method in patients with intraepithelial cervix neoplasia and at knowing the results obtained with this therapeutic modality. A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with the medical histories of patients undergoing cone biopsy with cold blade at the gynecology service of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2000 to December 2003. The minimal follow-up was 3 years, with serial colpocytology every six months and with an adequate sample for the diagnosis by Papanicolau's method. The investigated variables were age, gynecoobstetric history, anatomopathological diagnosis, and result of the follow-up by Papanicolau's test. In 28 percent of the patients the disease recurred within the first 2 years of the control follow-up and the lesions were considered as high degree, according to Bethesda's classification. It was concluded that the cone is an efficient, useful and effective diagnostic method to treat low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and that its efficiency decreases as the lesion degree increases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Conization/methods , Vaginal Smears/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Papanicolaou Test/methods
19.
J. bras. med ; 94(3): 47-49, Mar. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-619652

ABSTRACT

A cirurgia de alta freqüência do colo uterino tem sido o método de escolha para o tratamento das lesões intra-epiteliais cervicais de alto grau nesta última década, por preservar a capacidade reprodutiva da mulher. Os autores analisaram, durante 12 meses, 61 pacientes cujos resultados de biopsia do colo uterino foram lesão intra-epitelial cervical de alto grau (NIC II e NIC III), para avaliar a recidiva dessas lesões após tratamento por cirurgia de alta freqüência. Ao final desse período as taxas de recorrência foram 3,3%, 23% e 32,8%, três, seis e 12 meses após o tratamento, respectivamente. A relevante eficácia da cirurgia de alta freqüência mostra a importância da detecção e do tratamento adequado das lesões intra-epiteliais cervicais de alto grau, visando prevenir o câncer de colo uterino.


Over the last decade, the large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) in the cervix has been the method of choice for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesion high grade (classified histologically as CIN II and CIN III). The benefit of this form of treatment is that it preserves the woman's reproductive capability. The authors of this study followed 61 patients for 12 months whose results of the cervical biopsy were CIN II and CIN III, to evaluate the rate of recurrence of these lesions after the treatment the LLETZ. At the end of this period the recurrence rates were 3.3%, 23% and 32.8%, three, six and 12 months after the treatment, respectively. The efficacy of the LLETZ the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesions high grade in order to avoid invasive cervical carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Biopsy/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Conization/methods , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Episode of Care , Electrosurgery/methods , Electrosurgery , Outcome Assessment, Health Care
20.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(1): 17-22, Jan. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-480649

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Women infected by HIV are more likely to have cervical cancer and its precursors. Treatment of the precursor lesions can prevent this neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the likelihood of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 (CIN 2-3) in HIV-infected women, compared with HIV-negative women, all treated by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). DESIGN AND SETTING: A cohort study in Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: 55 HIV-positive and 212 HIV-negative women were followed up after LLETZ for CIN 2-3 (range: 6-133 months). RESULTS: The incidence of recurrent CIN 2-3 was 30.06/10,000 woman-months in the HIV-positive group and 4.88/10,000 woman-months in the HIV-negative group (relative risk, RR = 6.16; 95 percent confidence interval, CI: 2.07-18.34). The likelihood of recurrence reached 26 percent at the 62nd month of follow-up among the HIV-positive women, and remained stable at almost 0.6 percent at the 93rd month of follow-up among the HIV-negative women. We were unable to demonstrate other prognostic factors relating to CIN recurrence, but the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may decrease the risk of this occurrence among HIV patients. CONCLUSION: After LLETZ there is a higher risk of recurrence of CIN 2-3 among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women. This higher risk was not influenced by margin status or grade of cervical disease treated. The use of HAART may decrease the risk of this occurrence in HIV patients.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Mulheres infectadas pelo HIV têm maior probabilidade de apresentar câncer cervical e seus precursores. O tratamento dessas lesões pode prevenir a neoplasia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a probabilidade de recorrência de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical graus 2 ou 3 (NIC 2-3) em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+), comparando-a com a de mulheres soronegativas (HIV-) tratadas pela exérese da zona de transformação por alça diatérmica (EZTAD). TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte conduzido no Instituto Fernandes Figueira - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MÉTODO: 55 HIV+ e 212 HIV- foram acompanhadas após tratamento de NIC 2-3 pela EZTAD (faixa: 6-133 meses). RESULTADOS: A incidência de NIC 2-3 recorrente foi de 30,06/10.000 mulheres-mês no grupo HIV+ e 4,88/10.000 mulheres-mês no grupo HIV- (risco relativo, RR = 6,16; intervalo de confiança, IC 95 por cento: 2,07-18,34). A probabilidade de recorrência alcançou 26 por cento aos 62 meses de acompanhamento em mulheres HIV+, e manteve-se estável em cerca de 0,6 por cento no 93º mês de acompanhamento em mulheres HIV-. Não pudemos demonstrar outros fatores prognósticos relacionados à recorrência de NIC, mas o uso de terapia antiretroviral potente (highly active antiretroviral therapy - HAART) pode reduzir o risco dessa ocorrência em pacientes HIV+. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres HIV+ têm maior risco de recorrência de NIC 2-3 após EZTAD comparadas a mulheres HIV-. Esse maior risco não foi influenciado pelo status da margem ou grau de doença tratada. O uso de HAART pode reduzir o risco desta ocorrência em mulheres HIV+.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , HIV Infections/complications , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Brazil/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Cohort Studies , Colposcopy/methods , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/virology , HIV Seropositivity/complications , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy , HIV Seropositivity/virology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Young Adult
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